Microbial communities are shaped by positive and negative interactions ranging from
competition to mutualism. In the context of the mammalian gut and its microbial inhabitants …

The colon mucus layer is organized with an inner colon mucus layer that is impenetrable to
bacteria and an outer mucus layer that is expanded to allow microbiota colonization. A major …

The 1013–1014 microorganisms present in the human gut (collectively known as the human
gut microbiota) dedicate substantial percentages of their genomes to the degradation and …

Polysaccharide was a class of macromolecular substance with various bioactive functions.
Gut symbiotic microorganisms could utilize the polysaccharides from various sources, thus …

The Bacteroidetes phylum is renowned for its ability to degrade a wide range of complex
carbohydrates, a trait that has enabled its dominance in many diverse environments. The …

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex and dynamic population of
microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exert a marked influence on the host during …

Complex carbohydrates of plants are the main food sources of animals and microbes, and
serve as promising renewable feedstock for biofuel and biomaterial production …

Nondigestible carbohydrates (NDCs) are fermentation substrates in the colon after esca**
digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Among NDCs, resistant starch is not hydrolyzed …

Despite the accepted health benefits of consuming dietary fiber, little is known about the
mechanisms by which fiber deprivation impacts the gut microbiota and alters disease risk …

Unlike proteins, glycan chains are not directly encoded by DNA, but by the specificity of the
enzymes that assemble them. Theoretical calculations have proposed an astronomical …