Life on Earth comes in many forms, but all life-forms share a common element in carbon. It is
the basic building block of biology, and by trap** radiation it also plays an important role …

As the lifetime of regional flux networks approach twenty years, there is a growing number of
papers that have published long term records (5 years or more) of net carbon fluxes …

Global photosynthesis is increasing with elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, a
response known as the CO2 fertilization effect (CFE), but the key processes of CFE are not …

With accumulation of carbon cycle observations and model developments over the past
decades, exploring interannual variation (IAV) of terrestrial carbon cycle offers the …

Recent remote-sensing-based global carbon, water and energy budgets over land still
include considerable uncertainties. Most existing flux products of terrestrial carbon, water …

Satellite-based models have been widely used to simulate vegetation gross primary
production (GPP) at the site, regional, or global scales in recent years. However, accurately …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

The timing of phenological events exerts a strong control over ecosystem function and leads
to multiple feedbacks to the climate system. Phenology is inherently sensitive to temperature …

Vegetation phenology is highly sensitive to climate change. Phenology also controls many
feedbacks of vegetation to the climate system by influencing the seasonality of albedo …

Plant phenology research has gained increasing attention because of the sensitivity of
phenology to climate change and its consequences for ecosystem function. Recent …