An oxygen-rich atmosphere is essential for complex animals. The early Earth had an anoxic
atmosphere, and understanding the rise and maintenance of high O2 levels is critical for …

Event stratigraphy is used to help characterise the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphic
concept, based on analogous deep-time events, for which we provide a novel …

The breakup of the former Pangea supercontinent culminated in the modern drifting
continents. Increased rifting caused the establishment of the Atlantic Ocean in the middle …

Icehouses are the less common climate state on Earth, and thus it is notable that the longest-
lived (c. 370 to 260 Ma) and possibly most extensive and intense of icehouse periods …

The supercontinent Pangea completes its assembly and moves north during the Permian.
The 47-million-year-long period begins with a great ice age and ends with the Earth's …

Water plays a critical role in erosion and sediment transport and this relationship is most
evident in the hyperarid Atacama Desert of Northern Chile, a region characterized by …

The early to mid-Paleoproterozoic Lomagundi-Jatuli Excursion (LJE) is ostensibly the
largest magnitude (approximately+ 5 to+ 30‰), longest duration (ca. 130–250 million years) …

The Triassic is bound by two mass extinctions that coincide with vast outpourings of volcanic
flood basalts. The Mesozoic begins with a gradual recovery of plant and animal life after the …

Ammonites underwent an evolutionary diversification after the mass extinction of the end
Triassic induced by the formation of a Large Igneous province (LIP), and this group provides …

Milankovitch cycles are quasi-periodic fluctuations in insolation forced by variations in the
Earth's astronomical parameters, inducing climate change, and in turn affecting …