Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks of polymer chains containing large amounts of
water in their structure. Hydrogels have received significant attention in biomedical …

Over the past few years, with the development of global industry and the increase of
population, the shortage of freshwater resources has prompted people to conduct in-depth …

With the advent of the era of intelligence, countless small electronic devices are required to
be continuously powered, which poses a serious challenge to energy supply and …

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are a class of polymers that have attracted tremendous
interest due to their multifunctional properties and wide range of applications. The …

Annually, millions of patients suffer from irreversible injury owing to the loss or failure of an
organ or tissue caused by accident, aging, or disease. The combination of injectable …

Research on the design, fabrication, and application of double network (DN) hydrogels,
assembled from pairs of polymers, has grown recently due to their unique structural …

Since the advent of double network (DN) hydrogels nearly 20 years ago, they have
flourished as smart soft materials. Their two unique contrasting interpenetrating network …

Chitosan-based materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their inherent
biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. However, the establishment …

It is highly desired yet challenging to fabricate biocompatible injectable self-healing
hydrogels with anti-bacterial adhesion properties for complex wounds that can …

Phase separation in living organisms is essential for the execution of biological functions, for
example, the formation of membrane-less organelles and the functionalization of …