Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are widely employed due to their inherent advantage of
achieving excellent water permeation rates and high salt rejection. However, fouling is a …

Globally, reverse osmosis desalination systems are widely utilized as they have the
cheapest freshwater production cost. On the contrary, reverse osmosis systems have high …

Membrane-based technologies are recently being considered as effective methods for
conventional water and wastewater remediation processes to achieve the increasing …

Thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes have been predominantly utilized in water
treatment and desalination and play a significant role in the separation processes. However …

Desalination is a response to water scarcity. Reverse osmosis is a popular method for
desalination, but it has some weaknesses. These weaknesses include trade-offs between …

Nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis provides an attractive way to harvest osmotic energy.
However, most attention was paid to monotonous membrane structure optimization to …

With the continuous development of the marine economy and the upgrading of marine
infrastructure, the increasing marine engineering equipment is facing a serious problem of …

This review addresses composite membranes used for wastewater treatment, focusing
heavily on the anti-biofouling properties of such membranes. Biofouling caused by the …

Polyamide (PA) thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane has been widely
used for desalination to produce fresh water. In order to further enhance the membrane's …

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes can inevitably suffer from external damage in the practical
application process, causing the loss of their original function and performances. In this …