The Industrial Revolution and technological advancements have led to the densification and
expansion of cities. In urban environments, residential buildings are common, and …

Green building has aspects which one is referred to the energy efficiency. Energy
consumption is mainly due to mechanical ventilation (MV) therefore it is the key to building …

Purpose This paper aims to explore the efficiency of natural ventilation in the bedrooms of
typical two-storeyed row houses with newly reconfigured design that incorporate rooftop …

Climate change affects the thermal performance of buildings. A building's thermal
performance is influenced by its envelopes, such as roof, wall, and floor. A different building …

It is supposed to have three art components by giving an Islamic identity: geometric, floral,
and Islamic calligraphy. Putrajaya is created to present the Islamic city in Malaysia. The …

The Industrial Revolution and technological advancements have led to the densification and
expansion of cities. In urban environments, residential buildings are common, and …

The increasing number of populations in large cities such as Jakarta led to increased
demand for low-income housing, and it leads to the need of low-cost apartment buildings as …

One of the goals of Sustainable Development goals is sustainable cities and communities.
Making cities sustainable means creating career and business opportunities, safe and …

A courtyard's thermal functionality depends on various factors, including its opening. The
Uniform Building By-Law of 1984 specifies a minimum requirement of 10% openness per …

Technological advances have assisted in the development of modern software tools which
can be used to assess and improve the energy effi ciency of a building at the early stage of …