Visual opsin genes expressed in the rod and cone photoreceptor cells of the retina are core
components of the visual sensory system of vertebrates. Here, we provide an overview of the …

The jawless fish that were ancestral to all living vertebrates had four spectral cone types that
were probably served by chromatic-opponent retinal circuits. Subsequent evolution of …

Throughout their lives animals must complete many tasks, including finding food, avoiding
predators, attracting mates, and navigating through a complex and dynamic environment …

Among vertebrates, teleost eye diversity exceeds that found in all other groups. Their
spectral sensitivities range from ultraviolet to red, and the number of visual pigments varies …

When vertebrates first conquered the land, they encountered a visual world that was
radically distinct from that of their aquatic ancestors. Fish exploit the strong wavelength …

Many fishes, both freshwater or marine, have colour vision that may outperform humans. As
a result, to understand the behavioural tasks that vision enables; including mate choice …

Highlights•Most marine animals possess no or relatively simple colour vision, for example,
monochromacy or dichromacy.•The 12 spectral channel unconventional colour vision of …

Opsin gene sequences were first reported in the 1980s. The goal of that research was to test
the hypothesis that human opsins were members of a single gene family and that variation …

Coral reefs are one of the most species rich and colourful habitats on earth and for many
coral reef teleosts, vision is central to their survival and reproduction. The diversity of reef …

Vision frequently mediates critical behaviours, and photoreceptors must respond to the light
available to accomplish these tasks. Most photoreceptors are thought to contain a single …