Importance The magnitude and variability of cytokine alterations in depression are not clear.
Objective To perform an up to date meta-analysis of mean differences of immune markers in …

BackgroundPeripheral low-grade inflammation in depression is increasingly seen as a
therapeutic target. We aimed to establish the prevalence of low-grade inflammation in …

Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent, often devastating diseases that negatively impact
the lives of millions of people worldwide. Although their etiological and diagnostic …

Scholarly and comprehensive yet accessible, this state-of-the-science work is widely
regarded as the definitive graduate-level psychology of religion text. The authors synthesize …

As inflammation in the brain contributes to several neurological and psychiatric diseases,
the cause of neuroinflammation is being widely studied. The causes of neuroinflammation …

Objective: The authors investigated the pathways (genetic, environmental, lifestyle, medical)
leading to inflammation in major depressive disorder using C-reactive protein (CRP) …

Chronic stress constitutes a major risk factor for depression that can disrupt various aspects
of homeostasis, including the gut microbiome (GM). We have recently shown that GM …

Findings from numerous laboratories and across neuroimaging modalities have consistently
shown that exogenous administration of cytokines or inflammatory stimuli that induce …

Major depressive disorder is a remarkably common and often severe psychiatric disorder
associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Patients with major depression are …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan (TRP) catabolism links immune system
activation with neurotransmitter signaling. The KP metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) is …