Explainable reinforcement learning (XRL) is an emerging subfield of explainable machine
learning that has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The goal of XRL is to …

Recently, we have been witnessing the emergence of scholarly interest and professional
advocacy efforts centering on systemic, intersectional, fluid, and contextualized inequalities …

I am delighted to be able to prepare the second book on language teacher cognition, which
is a fast-growing field with diverse interests from different contexts and perspectives. My first …

Both native and nonnative language teachers often find pronunciation a difficult skill to teach
because of inadequate training or uncertainty about the effectiveness of instruction. But …

The English language teaching industry in East and Southeast Asia subscribes to an
assumption that native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) are the gold standard of spoken …

The Native English Teachers (NETs) Scheme has been in place for over 20 years in
secondary schools in Hong Kong and yet how students perceive these teachers is under …

Numerous studies have explored the persistence of discrimination against nonnative‐
English‐speaking teachers (NNESTs) of English as a foreign or second language in various …

This paper reports the outcome of a study carried out in Qassim University with 169 Saudi
male novice university students to obtain a deeper insight into their perceptions of their …

This timely volume constitutes the first book-length account of implicit as well as explicit
language attitudes. It details the findings of a large-scale study, incorporating cutting-edge …

Socio-psychological research has frequently reported low correlations between explicit and
implicit attitude measures for a range of socially sensitive topics. There is mounting evidence …