With sizable volatile envelopes but smaller radii than the solar system ice giants, sub-
Neptunes have been revealed as one of the most common types of planet in the galaxy …

Sub-Neptune planets with radii smaller than Neptune (3.9 R⊕) are the most common type of
planet known to exist in the Milky Way, even though they are absent in the solar system …

Context. Neptunes represent one of the main types of exoplanets and have chemical-
physical characteristics halfway between rocky and gas giant planets. Therefore, their …

We present the first broadband near-to mid-infrared (3–12 μm) transmission spectrum of the
highly irradiated (T eq= 981 K) M-dwarf rocky planet L 168-9 b (TOI-134 b) observed with the …

One of the main endeavors of the field of exoplanetary sciences is the characterization of
exoplanet atmospheres on a population level. The current method of choice to accomplish …

Assessing the prevalence of atmospheres on rocky planets around M-dwarf stars is a top
priority of exoplanet science. High-energy activity from M dwarfs can destroy the …

Sub-Neptunes—volatile-rich exoplanets smaller than Neptune—are intrinsically the most
common type of planet known. However, the formation and nature of these objects, as well …

GJ 1214b is the archetype sub-Neptune for which thick aerosols have prevented us from
constraining its atmospheric properties for over a decade. In this study, we leverage the …

Context. Super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are the most common types of planets outside the
Solar System and likely represent the link between terrestrial planets and gas giants …

We present two transit observations of the∼ 520 K, 1.85 R⊕, 4.0 M⊕ super-Earth TOI-776 b
with JWST NIRSpec/G395H, resulting in a 2.8–5.2 μm transmission spectrum. Producing …