Oxidative stress is increased in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
and this appears to underlie the development of cardiovascular disease, T2DM and diabetic …

Acrolein, a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde, is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant
and its potential as a serious environmental health threat is beginning to be recognized …

Enormous strides have recently been made in our understanding of the biology and
pathobiology of mitochondria. Many diseases have been identified as caused by …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, degenerative and progressive eye
disease that usually does not lead to complete blindness, but can result in severe loss of …

Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced cellular senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The molecular mechanism by which CS …

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main socioeconomical health issues
worldwide. AMD has a multifactorial etiology with a variety of risk factors. Smoking is the …

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells form a monolayer between the neuroretina and
choroid. It has multiple important functions, including acting as outer blood-retina barrier …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a late-onset, neurodegenerative retinal disease
that shares several clinical and pathological features with Alzheimer's disease (AD) …

Rationale: Several extrapulmonary disorders have been linked to cigarette smoking.
Smoking is reported to cause cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) …

Cells in aerobic condition are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which
may induce damage to biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. In normal …