Brain function is a product of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) brain
activity. Variation in the regulation of this activity is thought to give rise to normal variation in …

Recent years have seen a growing interest in inhibitory interneurons and their circuits. A
striking property of cortical inhibition is how tightly it balances excitation. Inhibitory currents …

Fluorescent calcium sensors are widely used to image neural activity. Using structure-based
mutagenesis and neuron-based screening, we developed a family of ultrasensitive protein …

The strength of synaptic connections fundamentally determines how neurons influence each
other's firing. Excitatory connection amplitudes between pairs of cortical neurons vary over …

The sensory cortex contains a wide array of neuronal types, which are connected together
into complex but partially stereotyped circuits. Sensory stimuli trigger cascades of electrical …

In the neocortex, neural activity is shaped by the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory
neurons, defined by the organization of their synaptic connections. Although connections …

The computations performed by local neural populations, such as a cortical layer, are
typically inferred from anatomical connectivity and observations of neural activity. Here we …

Cortical processing reflects the interplay of synaptic excitation and synaptic inhibition.
Rapidly accumulating evidence is highlighting the crucial role of inhibition in sha** …

Understanding information processing in the brain requires monitoring neuronal activity at
high spatiotemporal resolution. Using an ultrafast two-photon fluorescence microscope …

The activity of the cerebral cortex is thought to depend on the precise relationship between
synaptic excitation and inhibition,,,. In the visual cortex, in particular, intracellular …