Biodiversity, a term now widely employed in science, policy, and wider society, has a
burgeoning associated literature. We synthesize aspects of this literature, focusing on …

Historical DNA (hDNA), obtained from museum and herbarium specimens, has yielded
spectacular new insights into the history of organisms. This includes documenting historical …

High-throughput sequencing projects generate genome-scale sequence data for species-
level phylogenies,–. However, state-of-the-art Bayesian methods for inferring timetrees are …

Despite tremendous efforts in the past decades, relationships among main avian lineages
remain heavily debated without a clear resolution. Discrepancies have been attributed to …

Species diversification—the balance between speciation and extinction—is fundamental to
our understanding of how species richness varies in space and time and throughout the …

Arsenic (As) is abundant in the environment and can be found in both organic (eg,
methylated) and inorganic (eg, arsenate and arsenite) forms. The source of As in the …

Natural history collections are invaluable repositories of biological information that provide
an unrivaled record of Earth's biodiversity. Museum genomics—genomics research using …

Snakes and lizards (Squamata) represent a third of terrestrial vertebrates and exhibit
spectacular innovations in locomotion, feeding, and sensory processing. However, the …

Warming from climate change is expected to reduce body size of endotherms, but studies
from temperate systems have produced equivocal results. Over four decades, we collected …

The increased capacity of DNA sequencing has significantly advanced our understanding of
the phylogeny of birds and the proximate and ultimate mechanisms molding their genomic …