Proteoforms, which arise from post-translational modifications, genetic polymorphisms and
RNA splice variants, play a pivotal role as drivers in biology. Understanding proteoforms is …

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) create vast structural and functional diversity of
proteins, ultimately modulating protein function and degradation, influencing cellular …

Native mass spectrometry (MS) of proteins and protein assemblies reveals size and binding
stoichiometry, but elucidating structures to understand their function is more challenging …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are two of the most
important therapeutic drug classes that require extensive characterization, whereas their …

Progress in structural biology research has led to a high demand for powerful and yet
complementary analytical tools for structural characterization of proteins and protein …

Proteoforms are all forms of protein molecules from the same gene because of variations at
the DNA, RNA, and protein levels, eg, alternative splicing and post-translational …

Top-down protein mass spectrometry can provide unique insights into protein sequence and
structure, including precise proteoform identification and study of protein–ligand and protein …

Unraveling the complexity of biological systems relies on the development of new
approaches for spatially resolved proteoform‐specific analysis of the proteome. Herein, we …

193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) allows high sequence coverage to be obtained
for intact proteins using terminal fragments alone. However, internal fragments, those that …

Top-down mass spectrometry (TD-MS) of intact proteins results in fragment ions that can be
correlated to the protein primary sequence. Fragments generated can either be terminal …