We combine satellite observations and numerical models to show that Earth lost 28 trillion
tonnes of ice between 1994 and 2017. Arctic sea ice (7.6 trillion tonnes), Antarctic ice …

Calving of icebergs is an important component of mass loss from the polar ice sheets and
glaciers in many parts of the world. Calving rates can increase dramatically in response to …

Ocean-driven basal melting of Antarctica's floating ice shelves accounts for about half of
their mass loss in steady state, where gains in ice-shelf mass are balanced by losses. Ice …

In 1989, the need for reliable gridded land surface precipitation data sets, in view of the
large uncertainties in the assessment of the global energy and water cycle, has led to the …

Iceberg calving has been assumed to be the dominant cause of mass loss for the Antarctic
ice sheet, with previous estimates of the calving flux exceeding 2,000 gigatonnes per year …

The 2015 release of the precipitation climatology from the Global Precipitation Climatology
Centre (GPCC) for 1951–2000, based on climatological normals of about 75,100 rain …

We compare the volume flux divergence of Antarctic ice shelves in 2007 and 2008 with 1979
to 2010 surface accumulation and 2003 to 2008 thinning to determine their rates of melting …

Annual and monthly mean values of continental freshwater discharge into the oceans are
estimated at 1° resolution using several methods. The most accurate estimate is based on …

A new dataset of historical monthly streamflow at the farthest downstream stations for the
world's 925 largest ocean-reaching rivers has been created for community use. Available …

This paper describes the CryoSat satellite mission, due for launch in 2005, whose aim is to
accurately determine the trends in Earth's continental and marine ice fields. The paper's …