Metabolic abnormalities lead to the dysfunction of metabolic pathways and metabolite
accumulation or deficiency which is well-recognized hallmarks of diseases. Metabolite …

The high incidence rate, complexity, and intractability of central nervous system (CNS)
diseases drive significant interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in …

Background Defining the presence of acute and chronic brain inflammation remains a
challenge to clinicians due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations and aetiologies …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an antioxidant degradation product of tryptophan that has been
shown to have a variety of cytoprotective, neuroprotective and neuronal signalling …

It is a paradox that psychotomimetic drugs can relieve symptoms that increase risk of and
cooccur with psychosis, such as attention and motivational deficits (eg, amphetamines), pain …

Background: Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is the leading cause of irreversible
blindness in Asia, and no reliable, effective diagnostic, and predictive biomarkers are used …

Objective There is growing evidence that sleep deprivation promotes cancer progression. In
addition, colon cancer patients often experience sleep deprivation due to factors such as …

Abstract Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS) is a severe developmental epileptic
encephalopathy that manifests in infancy, significantly impacting the health and quality of life …

Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is often accompanied by mental health
complications, including anxiety, depression, and cognitive decline. Recent research …

This review article compiles critical pre-analytical factors for sample collection and extraction
of eight uncommon or underexplored biological specimens (human breast milk, ocular …