Indoor positioning technology has become undisputedly pervasive in modern society. It can
be used for numerous applications in various environments, ranging from agriculture to …

This review paper discusses the complete evolution of free-space optical (FSO)
communication, also known as unguided optical communication (UOC) technologies, all the …

New high-data-rate multimedia services and applications are evolving continuously and
exponentially increasing the demand for wireless capacity of fifth-generation (5G) and …

Optical wireless communications (OWC) are emerging as cost-effective and practical
solutions to the congested radio frequency-based wireless technologies. As part of OWC …

In the past few decades, the academic research and industrial synergy is dramatically
accelerating to conceptualize high data rate services. The congestion in the radio frequency …

Recently, a camera or an image sensor receiver based optical wireless communications
(OWC) techniques have attracted particular interest in areas such as the internet of things …

Abstract Visible Light Communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology for
wireless communication owing to advantages such as bandwidth, license, coexistence and …

Widespread use of white light-emitting diodes and ubiquitous smart devices offer the
opportunity to establish VLC, which has become a hot research topic based on the growing …

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are changing indoor wireless communications. Visible light
communications (VLC) that use LEDs as transmitters is an emerging research area and has …

The fifth generation (5G) telecommunications standards are being developed to meet the
growing demands for high-speed wireless networks (ie, few tens of Gigabits per second) …