Spatial patterns of trees are important structural characteristics that can provide insights into
forest dynamics and may be related to the development stages of forests. The spatial …

The Hyrcanian forest in northern Iran is threatened by human use and encroachment and
has suffered degradation in some areas. The forest has been declared a World Heritage Site …

The structure of forest stands changes over time and under the influence of local
disturbances, these changes are referred as the dynamics of forest stands. Changes in the …

In the present study, land suitability evaluation by parametric and AHP approaches was
evaluated for two forest plantations including oak (Quercus robur) and pine (Pinus silvestris) …

Mixed beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests are very important to the Hyrcanian region of
Iran because of their high degree of naturalness and as a source of wood production …

Forest structure is influenced by natural processes and human interventions. For proper
forest management, some tools are required to study changes made at forest structure. In …

Understanding the structure of a forest is crucial for detecting forest dynamics, describing
ecosystem stability, and designing effective management plans and protection and …

In a reserved forest parcel in a virgin eastern Hyrcanian mixed beech forest, 80 ha was
surveyed to determine the pit and mound topography, canopy gaps and dead trees. The aim …

Stand structure and species diversity are two useful parameters for complex assessment of
forest biodiversity, and provide important information for management and decision making …

To quantify the structural properties of mixed beech (Fagus orientalis) stand in the middle
stage of succession, a study was carried out in the Kheiroud forest of Nowshahr in …