Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive neurological and pathological state that causes
major motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. Its pathophysiology comprises acute and …

While intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) occupies a key position in the bioenergetic
metabolism of all the cellular compartments that form the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Macrophages are a specialized class of innate immune cells with multifaceted roles in
modulation of the inflammatory response, homeostasis, and wound healing. While …

Cardiac aging, particularly cardiac cell senescence, is a natural process that occurs as we
age. Heart function gradually declines in old age, leading to continuous heart failure, even in …

ATP and its ultimate degradation product adenosine are potent extracellular signalling
molecules that elicit a variety of pathophysiological functions in the kidney through the …

Biologically produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules in
the human body. Despite their importance under normal conditions, abnormal …

The escalating global prevalence of antimicrobial resistance poses a critical threat,
prompting concerns about its impact on public health. This predicament is exacerbated by …

Gap junctions and connexin hemichannels mediate intercellular and extracellular
communication, respectively. While gap junctions are seen as the “good guys” by controlling …

Sepsis causes millions of deaths per year worldwide and is a current global health priority
declared by the WHO. Sepsis-related deaths are a result of dysregulated inflammatory …

Background Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is one of the most common forms of cardiac valve
disease and affects 2% to 3% of the population. Previous imaging reports have indicated …