Abstract The climate of South America (SA) has long held an intimate connection with El
Niño, historically describing anomalously warm sea-surface temperatures off the coastline of …

There is near unanimous scientific consensus that greenhouse gas emissions generated by
human activity will change Earth's climate. The recent (globally averaged) warming by 0· 5° …

Current evidence suggests that inter-annual and inter-decadal climate variability have a
direct influence on the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. This evidence has been …

Ecological disturbances exert an influence on the emergence and proliferation of malaria
and zoonotic parasitic diseases, including, Leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis …

Global change includes climate change and climate variability, land use, water storage and
irrigation, human population growth and urbanization, trade and travel, and chemical …

Diseases such as plague, typhus, malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever, transmitted
between humans by blood-feeding arthropods, were once common in the United States …

Background Because of complex interactions of climate variables at the levels of the
pathogen, vector, and host, the potential influence of climate change on vector-borne and …

Climate change could significantly affect vectorborne disease in humans. Temperature,
precipitation, humidity, and other climatic factors are known to affect the reproduction …

This paper considers the potential impact on human health from waterborne and vector‐
borne infections. It concentrates on the impact of two possible changes to climate; increased …

Summary El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climate event that originates in the
Pacific Ocean but has wide-ranging consequences for weather around the world, and is …