Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and
type 2 diabetes. Insulin, which is produced in β-cells, is a critical regulator of metabolism …

This review focuses on the mechanisms regulating the synthesis, secretion, biological
actions, and therapeutic relevance of the incretin peptides glucose-dependent insulinotropic …

Metabolic diseases are the most common and rapidly growing health issues worldwide. The
massive population-based human genetics is crucial for the precise prevention and …

Pancreatic islet cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for
modeling and treating diabetes. Differences between stem-cell-derived and primary islets …

Objective Although glucagon-secreting α-cells and insulin-secreting β-cells have opposing
functions in regulating plasma glucose levels, the two cell types share a common …

Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provides a unique opportunity to
study the regulatory mechanisms that facilitate cellular transitions in a human context. To …

In the mammalian pancreas, the endocrine cell types of the islets of Langerhans, including
the α-, β-, δ-, and pancreatic polypeptide cells as well as the exocrine cells, derive from …

Hedgehog signalling—an essential pathway during embryonic pancreatic development, the
misregulation of which has been implicated in several forms of cancer—may also be an …

Abstract Development of endocrine cells in the endoderm involves Atonal and
Achaete/Scute-related basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins. These proteins also serve as …

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