With the advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), new, high-throughput serial
crystallography techniques for macromolecular structure determination have emerged …

BACKGROUND Conformational changes are essential for the correct functioning of
biological macromolecules. Time-resolved x-ray crystallography extends an extremely …

ChRmine, a recently discovered pump-like cation-conducting channelrhodopsin, exhibits
puzzling properties (large photocurrents, red-shifted spectrum, and extreme light sensitivity) …

Structural biology is currently undergoing a transformation into dynamic structural biology,
which reveals the dynamic structure of proteins during their functional activity to better …

How can single cells without nervous systems perform complex behaviours such as
habituation, associative learning and decision making, which are considered the hallmark of …

The first member and eponym of the rhodopsin family was identified in the 1930s as the
visual pigment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the animal retina. It was found to be a …

Dynamical changes in protein structures are essential for protein function and occur over
femtoseconds to seconds timescales. X‐ray free electron lasers have facilitated …

Proteins guide the flows of information, energy, and matter that make life possible by
accelerating transport and chemical reactions, by allosterically modulating these reactions …

Cation and anion channelrhodopsins (CCRs and ACRs, respectively) from phototactic algae
have become widely used as genetically encoded molecular tools to control cell membrane …

Light-driven chloride-pum** rhodopsins actively transport anions, including various halide
ions, across cell membranes. Recent studies using time-resolved serial femtosecond …