The mammary gland is a compound, branched tubuloalveolar structure and a major
characteristic of mammals. The mammary gland has evolved from epidermal apocrine …

The mammary gland is an epidermal appendage that begins to form during embryogenesis,
but whose development is only completed during pregnancy. Each mammary gland begins …

Adult female mammary development starts at puberty and is controlled by tightly regulated
cross-talk between a group of hormones and growth factors. Although estrogen is the initial …

Mammary glands become functional only in adult life but their development starts in the
embryo. Initiation of the epithelial bud and ductal outgrowth are coordinated through short …

Normal development of the mammary gland proceeds via interactions between the
epithelium and the mesenchyme that start during embryogenesis and continue during …

The Rho family GTPases are small G proteins that act as molecular switches shuttling
between active and inactive forms. Rho GTPases are regulated by two classes of regulatory …

The mammary gland is a unique organ that undergoes dynamic alterations throughout a
female's reproductive life, making it an ideal model for developmental, stem cell and cancer …

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling plays an important role in embryonic stem cells and
adult tissue homeostasis, but the function of FGFs in mammary gland stem cells is less well …

Abstract Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been found to be expressed in
human brain tissue, and many lines ofevidence indicate that circRNAs play regulatory roles …

Abstract Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 are adaptor proteins in the insulin-like
growth factor I (IGF-I)/IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) pathway that mediate cell proliferation …