The host response to viral infection includes the induction of type I interferons and the
subsequent upregulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes. Ubiquitin-like protein …

Ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubl's) are conjugated to target proteins or lipids to regulate their
activity, stability, subcellular localization, or macromolecular interactions. Similar to ubiquitin …

Interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) products take on a number of diverse roles. Collectively,
they are highly effective at resisting and controlling pathogens. In this review, we begin by …

Since the discovery of interferons (IFNs), considerable progress has been made in
describing the nature of the cytokines themselves, the signalling components that direct the …

The interferon (IFN) system is an extremely powerful antiviral response that is capable of
controlling most, if not all, virus infections in the absence of adaptive immunity. However …

Viruses are fully reliant on the translation machinery of their host cells to produce the
polypeptides that are essential for viral replication. Consequently, viruses recruit host …

The eukaryotic ubiquitin family encompasses nearly 20 proteins that are involved in the
posttranslational modification of various macromolecules. The ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) …

Post-translational protein modification is an important strategy for the regulation of the cell
proteome independent of the need for new gene expression. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like …

ISG15 is an interferon-stimulated, ubiquitin-like protein that can conjugate to substrate
proteins (ISGylation) to counteract microbial infection, but the underlying mechanisms …

The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) plays a critical role in antiviral
immunity and autoimmunity. The activity and stability of cGAS are fine-tuned by post …