Melanin pigment plays a critical role in the protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet
radiation and other environmental stressors. It is produced by the enzymatic transformation …

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. In the early stages, melanoma can be treated
successfully with surgery alone and survival rates are high, but after metastasis survival …

Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced
transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for …

Skin, our first interface to the external environment, is subjected to oxidative stress caused
by a variety of factors such as solar ultraviolet, infrared and visible light, environmental …

Polydopamine (PDA) has been increasingly exploited as an advanced functional material,
and its emergent light absorption property plays a crucial role in determining various …

Recent advances in material innovation and structural design provide routes to flexible
hybrid electronics that can combine the high‐performance electrical properties of …

Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a biologically relevant reactive oxygen species capable of efficiently
reacting with cellular constituents. The resulting oxidatively generated damage to nucleic …

Direct sun exposure is one of the most aggressive factors for human skin. Sun radiation
contains a range of the electromagnetic spectrum including UV light. In addition to the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxides (O2•−) and hydroxyl groups (OH·), are
short-lived molecules containing unpaired electrons. Intracellular ROS are believed to be …

Approximately 50% of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface is visible light (400-700 nm).
Other sources of visible light include lasers, light-emitting diodes, and flash lamps. Photons …