Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer networks swollen with water. Owing to their soft and
water-containing nature, hydrogels are promising materials for applications in many fields …

Bioadhesives have emerged as transformative and versatile tools in healthcare, offering the
ability to attach tissues with ease and minimal damage. These materials present numerous …

Robust ionic sensing materials that are both fatigue-resistant and self-healable like human
skin are essential for soft electronics and robotics with extended service life. However, most …

Slippery and transparent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels with mechanical robustness
exhibit broad applications in artificial biological soft tissues, flexible wearable electronics …

Ideal hydrogel fibers with high toughness and environmental tolerance are indispensable for
their long-term application in flexible electronics as actuating and sensing elements …

Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) exhibits exceptional properties such as high conductivity
and biocompatibility, rendering it highly valuable for the development of conformal …

The common techniques to improve hydrogel's mechanical properties include increasing
crosslinking density and forming crosslinked double‐network hydrogel, which may cause …

Biological materials relied on multiple synergistic structural design elements typically exhibit
excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. Hierarchical incorporation of different …

With the strengthening capacity through harnessing multi‐length‐scale structural hierarchy,
synthetic hydrogels hold tremendous promise as a low‐cost and abundant material for …

Tough hydrogel has attracted considerable interest in various fields, however, due to poor
biocompatibility, nondegradation, and pronounced compositional differences from natural …