Liquid crystals (LCs) are ubiquitous in display technologies. The orientational ordering in the
nematic phase of LCs gives rise to structural anisotropy, the ability to form topological …

Among the physicochemical cues in the cellular microenvironment that orchestrate cell
processes, the different levels of curvature in the extracellular matrix and intrinsic to the …

Tissues acquire function and shape via differentiation and morphogenesis. Both processes
are driven by coordinating cellular forces and shapes at the tissue scale, but general …

Liquid crystals are assemblies of rod-like molecules which self-organize to form
mesophases, in between ordinary liquids and anisotropic crystals. At each point, the …

We derive a fully covariant theory of the hydrodynamics of nematic and polar active surfaces,
subjected to internal and external forces and torques. We study the symmetries of polar and …

Shape transformations of epithelial tissues in three dimensions, which are crucial for
embryonic development or in vitro organoid growth, can result from active forces generated …

Topological defects in nematically aligned cell populations play a critical role in modulating
collective motion, ranging from microbial colonies to epithelial tissues. Despite the potential …

Morphodynamic equations governing the behaviour of active nematic fluids on deformable
curved surfaces are constructed in the large deformation limit. Emphasis is placed on the …

We review progress in active hydrodynamic descriptions of flowing media on curved and
deformable manifolds: the state-of-the-art in continuum descriptions of single-layers of …

Simple Summary Eyespot foci on butterfly wings function as organizers for eyespot color
patterns during development. Here, we microscopically examined the scales, sockets, and …