Time, polarization, and wavelength multiplexing schemes have been used to satisfy the
growing need of transmission capacity. Using space as a new dimension for communication …

Angular momentum, a fundamental physical quantity, can be divided into spin angular
momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) in electromagnetic waves. Helically …

We experimentally demonstrate mode-division multiplexed (MDM) transmission using eight
orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes over a single span of 100-km low-attenuation and …

With the amplitude, time, wavelength/frequency, phase, and polarization/spin parameter
dimensions of the light wave/photon almost fully utilized in both classical and quantum …

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light beams with helical phase front, as an alternative
spatial dimension resource of photons, has attracted extensive attention over the past …

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, having unique properties of a helical phase
structure and doughnut intensity profile, have been widely studied in fiber-optic …

Optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) has become a hot research topic because of its
unique properties due to its spiral distribution of phases. The production and transmission of …

The unique modal characteristics of ring core fibers (RCFs) potentially enable the
implementation of mode-division multiplexing (MDM) schemes that can increase optical data …

We design, fabricate, and characterize two types of low-loss weakly guiding ring-core fibers
(RCFs) supporting orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. The ring core and cladding …

This paper presents a 2× 2 channel mode-wavelength division multiplexing (MWDM)
scheme for a radio-over-free-space optics (Ro-FSO) system. The key features of the MWDM …