Reversible silencing of neuronal activity is a powerful approach for isolating the roles of
specific neuronal populations in circuit dynamics and behavior. In contrast with neuronal …

The striatal and pallidal complexes are basal ganglia structures that orchestrate learning
and execution of flexible behavior. Models of how the basal ganglia subserve these …

Rhythmic gene expression is found throughout the central nervous system. This harmonized
regulation can be dependent on-and independent of-the master regulator of biological …

This Perspective will examine the organization of intrastriatal circuitry, review recent findings
in this area, and discuss how the pattern of connectivity between striatal neurons might give …

Central nervous system neurons communicate via fast synaptic transmission mediated by
ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) receptors and slower neuromodulation mediated by G …

Substantia nigra dopamine neurons have been implicated in the initiation and invigoration
of movement, presumably through their modulation of striatal projection neuron (SPN) …

The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is essential for regulating learning, motivation, and
movement. Despite its importance, however, the mechanisms by which DA influences the …

Highlights•Homeostatic plasticity plays an important role in mitigating striatal
pathophysiology in the early stages of PD.•Aberrant dopamine-dependent synaptic plasticity …

Dopamine (DA) loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) causes debilitating motor deficits.
However, dopamine is also widely linked to reward prediction and learning, and the …

The direct and indirect pathway striatal medium spiny neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs) have
long been linked to action selection, but the precise roles of these neurons in this process …