Specific components of the Earth system may abruptly change their state in response to
gradual changes in forcing. This possibility has attracted great scientific interest in recent …

East African landscapes today are the result of the cumulative effects of climate and land-
use change over millennial timescales. In this review, we compile archaeological and …

Abstract The “4.2 ka event” is a commonly described abrupt climate excursion that occurred
about 4200 years ago. However, the extent to which this event is coherent across regional …

The Holocene is probably the most intensively studied series/epoch within the geological
record, and embodies a wide array of geomorphological, climatic, biotic and archaeological …

This discussion paper, by a Working Group of INTIMATE (Integration of ice‐core, marine and
terrestrial records) and the Subcommision on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) of the …

Drought is one of the likely consequences of climate change in many regions of the world.
Together with an increased demand for water resources to supply the world's growing …

The eastern Mediterranean region witnessed changes in human culture of the highest
importance between~ 9000 and~ 2500 cal. BP (7000—500 BC) and over the same time …

The hydromorphic regimes that underpinned Old World river-based civilizations are
reviewed in light of recent research. Notable Holocene climatic changes varied from region …

We present evidence from a variety of physical and biological proxies for a severe drought
that affected the mid-continent of North America between 4.1 and 4.3 ka. Rapid climate …

A few years ago, I began to think about writing a “small book on a large subject,” to quote
one of the great economists of the 20th century. 1 The end result is larger and a little different …