Naturally occurring tropical Pacific variations at timescales of 7–70 years—tropical Pacific
decadal variability (TPDV)—describe basin-scale sea surface temperature (SST), sea-level …

The Kuroshio carrying the northwestern Pacific water intrudes into the South China Sea
(SCS) through the Luzon Strait, significantly affecting the temperature, salinity, circulation …

The ocean takes up about 93% of the global warming heat entering Earth's climate system.
In addition, the associated thermal expansion contributes substantially to sea-level rise …

Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

This chapter assesses the causes of observed changes assessed in Chapters 2 to 5 and
uses understanding of physical processes, climate models and statistical approaches. The …

An unprecedented strengthening of Pacific trade winds since the late 1990s (ref.) has
caused widespread climate perturbations, including rapid sea-level rise in the western …

Explaining extreme events of 2014 from a climate perspective Special Supplement to the
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 96, No. 12, December 2015 From A Climate …

This chapter considers changes in global mean sea level, regional sea level, sea level
extremes, and waves. Confidence in projections of global mean sea level rise has increased …

Low-lying reef islands in the Solomon Islands provide a valuable window into the future
impacts of global sea-level rise. Sea-level rise has been predicted to cause widespread …

Unprecedented warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies were observed off the west
coast of Australia in February–March 2011. Peak SST during a 2-week period were 5° C …