Background Increases in tobacco taxes are widely regarded as a highly effective strategy for
reducing tobacco use and its consequences. Methods The voluminous literature on tobacco …

Background: There is broad consensus regarding the health impact of tobacco use and
secondhand smoke exposure, yet considerable ambiguity exists about the nature and …

Thirdhand smoke (THS) is the contamination that persists after secondhand tobacco smoke
has been emitted into air. It refers to the tobacco-related gases and particles that become …

Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are ubiquitous in indoor environments,
redistributing from their original sources to all indoor surfaces. Exposures resulting from their …

A substantial proportion of the global burden of disease is directly or indirectly attributable to
exposure to air pollution. Exposures occurring during the periods of organogenesis and …

This study shows that residual nicotine from tobacco smoke sorbed to indoor surfaces reacts
with ambient nitrous acid (HONO) to form carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines …

Sensory hair cells of the inner ear are exposed to continuous mechanical stress, causing
damage over time. The maintenance of hair cells is further challenged by damage from a …

The world faces many environmental challenges. Healthy soil, an adequate supply of clean
and fresh water and clean air are just a few of the basic necessities that enable humans to …

OBJECTIVE. There is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke. Thirdhand smoke is
residual tobacco smoke contamination that remains after the cigarette is extinguished …

Secondhand smoke (SHS: a mixture of sidestream and mainstream smoke) and thirdhand
smoke (THS: made up of the pollutants that settle indoors after smoking in closed …