Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems

M Scheffer, S Carpenter, JA Foley, C Folke, B Walker - Nature, 2001 - nature.com
All ecosystems are exposed to gradual changes in climate, nutrient loading, habitat
fragmentation or biotic exploitation. Nature is usually assumed to respond to gradual change …

Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management

C Folke, S Carpenter, B Walker… - Annu. Rev. Ecol …, 2004 - annualreviews.org
▪ Abstract We review the evidence of regime shifts in terrestrial and aquatic environments in
relation to resilience of complex adaptive ecosystems and the functional roles of biological …

[BOOK][B] Panarchy: Understanding transformations in human and natural systems.

LH Gunderson, CS Holling - 2002 - cabidigitallibrary.org
The creation of institutions to meet the challenge of sustainability is an important task
confronting society. Panarchy, a term devised to describe evolving hierarchical systems …

Organisms as ecosystem engineers

FB Samson, FL Knopf, CG Jones, JH Lawton… - Ecosystem management …, 1996 - Springer
Interactions between organisms are a major determinant of the distribution and abundance
of species. Ecology textbooks (eg, Ricklefs 1984, Krebs 1985, Begon et al. 1990) summarise …

Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience

CS Holling - Engineering within ecological constraints, 1996 - books.google.com
Ecological science has been shaped largely by the biological sciences. Environmental
science, on the other hand, has been shaped largely by the physical sciences and …

Ecological resilience—in theory and application

LH Gunderson - Annual review of ecology and systematics, 2000 - annualreviews.org
▪ Abstract In 1973, CS Holling introduced the word resilience into the ecological literature as
a way of hel** to understand the non-linear dynamics observed in ecosystems. Ecological …

Tree-grass interactions in savannas

RJ Scholes, SR Archer - Annual review of Ecology and …, 1997 - annualreviews.org
Savannas occur where trees and grasses interact to create a biome that is neither grassland
nor forest. Woody and gramineous plants interact by many mechanisms, some negative …

Command and control and the pathology of natural resource management

CS Holling, GK Meffe - Conservation biology, 1996 - Wiley Online Library
As the human population grows and natural resources decline, there is pressure to apply
increasing levels of top‐down, command‐and‐control management to natural resources …

The theory of ecological communities (MPB-57)

M Vellend - The theory of ecological communities (MPB-57), 2016 - degruyter.com
A plethora of different theories, models, and concepts make up the field of community
ecology. Amid this vast body of work, is it possible to build one general theory of ecological …

Challenges in the quest for keystones: identifying keystone species is difficult—but essential to understanding how loss of species will affect ecosystems

ME Power, D Tilman, JA Estes, BA Menge… - …, 1996 - academic.oup.com
A keystone species is one whose effect is large, and disproportionately large relative to its
abundance nance of thcir eommunities, because they typically providc the major energy …