Chemical agents including chlorine and antibiotics are used extensively to control infectious
microorganisms. While antibiotics are mainly used to treat bacterial infections, chlorine is …

Our limited understanding of the molecular basis for compound entry into and efflux out of
Gram-negative bacteria is now recognized as a key bottleneck for the rational discovery of …

The cases of bacterial multidrug resistance are increasing every year and becoming a
serious concern for human health. Multidrug efflux pumps are key players in the formation of …

Transporters of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily of proteins are the
dominant multidrug efflux power of Gram-negative bacteria. The major RND efflux pump of …

The discovery of bacterial efflux pumps significantly advanced our understanding of how
bacteria can resist cytotoxic compounds that they encounter. Within the structurally and …

Pathogens that express resistance to multiple drugs are becoming the norm, complicating
treatment and increasing human morbidity. Acylsugars or resin glycosides from the morning …

Introduction The eons-long co-evolvement of plants and bacteria led to a plethora of
interactions between the two kingdoms, in which bacterial pathogenicity is counteracted by …

Methods: We measured the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of two phytochemicals,
phloretin (Pht) and naringenin (Nar), and of one common antibiotic ciprofloxacin (Cip), either …