We review the spectrum and electromagnetic properties of baryons described as relativistic
three-quark bound states within QCD. The composite nature of baryons results in a rich …

The aim of this report is to give basic notions on electromagnetic hadron form factors (FFs),
as they are understood at the present time, to summarize and analyze the present …

This paper describes a precise measurement of electron scattering off the proton at
momentum transfers of 0.003≲ Q 2≲ 1 GeV 2. The average point-to-point error of the cross …

The OLYMPUS Collaboration reports on a precision measurement of the positron-proton to
electron-proton elastic cross section ratio, R 2 γ, a direct measure of the contribution of hard …

We review recent theoretical and experimental progress on the role of two-photon exchange
(TPE) in electron–proton scattering at low to moderate momentum transfers. We make a …

The muon is playing a unique role in sub-atomic physics. Studies of muon decay both
determine the overall strength and establish the chiral structure of weak interactions, as well …

There is a significant discrepancy between the values of the proton electric form factor, GE p,
extracted using unpolarized and polarized electron scattering. Calculations predict that …

The ratio of the elastic e+ p to ep scattering cross sections has been measured precisely,
allowing the determination of the two-photon exchange contribution to these processes. This …

A conceptual design is presented of a novel energy-recovering linac (ERL) facility for the
development and application of the energy recovery technique to linear electron …

We present lattice QCD calculations of nucleon electromagnetic form factors using pion
masses m π= 149, 202, and 254 MeV and an action with clover-improved Wilson quarks …