Although known as causes of community-acquired pneumonia and Pontiac fever, the global
burden of infection caused by Legionella species other than Legionella pneumophila is …

Featured Application This critical review is highly timely and the need of the hour, given the
prolonged and unwanted building closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Extended water …

The research presents the method for optimization of a building with its heating, ventilation
and air-conditioning (HVAC) system in the scope of achieving nearly zero energy building …

Assessing and modelling the water quality in a water distribution system (WDS) are highly
important to ensure a reliable supply with sufficient water quality. Owing to the high …

Background Legionnaires' disease is a respiratory illness often associated with hotels and
travel. Spain is a major tourist destination and one of the European countries with most …

Managing building water systems is complicated by the need to maintain hot water
temperatures high enough to control the growth of Legionella spp. while minimizing the risk …

Legionella spp. is the etiological agent of the serious respiratory pneumonia known as
Legionnaires' disease. This respiratory illness is frequently associated with travel and tourist …

This study examines the influence of chlorine disinfectant type, water use frequency
(stagnation time), and water heater temperature on the growth and persistence of microbes …

Legionella pneumophila are bacteria that when inhaled cause Legionnaires' disease (LD)
and febrile illness Pontiac fever. As of 2014, LD is the most frequent cause of waterborne …

Collective heating systems have multiple end-users with time-varying, often different
temperature demands. There are several concepts catering to this, eg, multi-pipe networks …