Virtually all plants and animals, including humans, are home to symbiotic microorganisms.
Symbiotic interactions can be neutral, harmful or have beneficial effects on the host …

Demand of all living organisms on the same nutrients forms the basis for interspecific
competition between plants and microorganisms in soils. This competition is especially …

Explaining the large-scale diversity of soil organisms that drive biogeochemical processes—
and their responses to environmental change—is critical. However, identifying consistent …

The honeybee is the primary managed species worldwide for both crop pollination and
honey production. Owing to beekee** activity, its high relative abundance potentially …

Global change is altering species distributions and thus interactions among organisms.
Organisms live in concert with thousands of other species, some beneficial, some …

Ecology Letters (2012) 15: 365–377 Abstract Many studies in recent years have investigated
the effects of climate change on the future of biodiversity. In this review, we first examine the …

Mutualisms, interactions between two species that benefit both of them, have long captured
the public imagination. Their influence transcends levels of biological organization from cells …

Boreal forest soils function as a terrestrial net sink in the global carbon cycle. The prevailing
dogma has focused on aboveground plant litter as a principal source of soil organic matter …

The net effects of interspecific species interactions on individuals and populations vary in
both sign (−, 0,+) and magnitude (strong to weak). Interaction outcomes are context …

Climate change is happening due to natural factors and human activities. It expressively
alters biodiversity, agricultural production, and food security. Mainly, narrowly adapted and …