In their natural environment plants and algae are exposed to rapidly changing light
conditions and light intensities. Illumination with high light intensities has the potential to …

Carotenoids (CARs) are a group of pigments that perform several important physiological
functions in all kingdoms of living organisms. CARs serve as protective agents, which are …

Pigment-protein and pigment-pigment interactions are of fundamental importance to the light-
harvesting and photoprotective functions essential to oxygenic photosynthesis. The orange …

In photosynthetic organisms, the production of dangerous oxygen species is stimulated
under high irradiance. To cope with this stress, these organisms have evolved …

Under high irradiance, light becomes dangerous for photosynthetic organisms and they
must protect themselves. Cyanobacteria have developed a simple mechanism, involving a …

This review focuses on the Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) which is the first photoactive
protein identified containing a carotenoid as the photoresponsive chromophore. This protein …

In conditions of fluctuating light, cyanobacteria thermally dissipate excess absorbed energy
at the level of the phycobilisome, the light-collecting antenna. The photoactive Orange …

Photoprotective mechanisms have evolved in photosynthetic organisms to cope with
fluctuating light conditions. Under high irradiance, the production of dangerous oxygen …

Photosynthetic organisms tightly regulate the energy arriving to the reaction centers in order
to avoid photodamage or imbalance between the photosystems. To this purpose …

The photoprotective processes of photosynthetic organisms involve the dissipation of excess
absorbed light energy as heat. Photoprotection in cyanobacteria is mechanistically distinct …