Emission of greenhouse gases and depletion of fossil fuel reserves are two key drivers,
which are forcing the mankind to generate the future energy demand from the renewable …

The time of operation of overcurrent relays (OCRs) can be reduced, and at the same time,
the coordination can be maintained, by selecting the optimum values of time multiplier …

The coordinated or selective power system can be considered as a sequence procedure
among two protective devices installed in series and having certain features. The …

Balancing the exploration and exploitation in any nature-inspired optimization algorithm is
an essential task, while solving the real-world global optimization problems. Therefore, the …

Optimization of directional over-current relay (DOCR) settings is an important problem in
electrical engineering. The optimization model of the problem turns out to be non-linear and …

The coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) is a constrained and nonlinear
optimization problem which consists in finding suitable plug and time dial settings so that the …

Over-current relays provide primary as well as backup protection to electrical distribution
systems. These relays should be coordinated and set at the optimum values, to minimize the …

Fault current magnitude in a microgrid depends upon its mode of operation, namely, grid-
connected mode or islanded mode. Depending on the type of fault in a given mode …

Overcurrent relays (OCR) are the major protection devices in a distribution system. To
reduce the power outages, mal-operation of the backup relays should be avoided, and …

Coordination of directional over current relays (DOCR) has been considered as an
optimization problem and has been solved using different types of optimization techniques …