Animal hosts have initiated myriad symbiotic associations with microorganisms and often
have maintained these symbioses for millions of years, spanning drastic changes in …

Beetles are hosts to a remarkable diversity of bacterial symbionts. In this article, we review
the role of these partnerships in promoting beetle fitness following a surge of recent studies …

Corals are associated with a variety of bacteria, which occur in the surface mucus layer,
gastrovascular cavity, skeleton, and tissues. Some tissue-associated bacteria form clusters …

Bacteriocytes are host cells specialized to harbor symbionts in certain insect taxa. The
adaptation, development, and evolution of bacteriocytes underlie insect symbiosis …

Beneficial associations with bacteria are widespread across animals, spanning a range of
symbiont localizations, transmission routes, and functions. While some of these associations …

Understanding how horizontally transmitted mutualisms are maintained is a major focus of
symbiosis research. 1, 2, 3, 4 Unlike vertical transmission, hosts that rely on horizontal …

Microbes gain access to eukaryotic cells as food for bacteria-grazing protists, for host
protection by microbe-killing immune cells, or for microbial benefit when pathogens enter …

Insects frequently associate with intracellular microbial symbionts (endosymbionts) that
enhance their ability to cope with challenging environmental conditions. Endosymbioses …

One of the significant limitations of aquaculture worldwide is the prevalence of divalent
copper (Cu). Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) are economically important freshwater species …

Interactions between animals and microbes are ubiquitous in nature and strongly impact
animal physiology. These interactions are shaped by the host immune system, which …