The global commitment to decarbonizing the transport sector has resulted in an unabated
growth in the markets for electric vehicles and their batteries. Consequently, the demand for …

Research on new energy storage technologies has been sparked by the energy crisis,
greenhouse effect, and air pollution, leading to the continuous development and …

In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the potential supply risks of critical
battery materials, such as cobalt, for electric mobility transitions. While battery technology …

In recent two decades, ultrasound has been broadly applied to the hydrometallurgical
leaching process to recover valuable metals within raw materials, aiming to solve the …

Porphyry ores and E-wastes/WEEE are two of the most important copper-bearing materials
on the planet. Over 60% of world copper output comes from porphyry copper ores while E …

Li‐ion battery (LIB) recycling has become an urgent need with rapid prospering of the
electric vehicle (EV) industry, which has caused a shortage of material resources and led to …

Society's hunger for commodities is leading to an increased consumption of minerals
considered critical or strategic. A range of minerals containing elements such as lithium (Li) …

The transition to low-carbon economies, advancements in high-tech and rapid uptake of
electronic equipment will see increased demand over the coming decades for so-called …

Cobalt production is essential in supporting energy storage and electrification initiatives in
the global transition to a low-carbon economy. The main aspects of cobalt production are …

Demand for technologies delivering renewable energy and improving energy efficiencies
are set to increase with the worldwide movement towards low carbon economies. Many of …