Although intrinsic mechanisms that regulate arterial blood pressure (BP) are similar in men
and women, marked variations exist at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. These …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, with limited pharmacological
options available beyond symptomatic relief. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is …

Estrogen replacement therapy is cardioprotective in postmenopausal women; however, the
precise molecular mechanisms for this modulation are not fully elucidated. We previously …

I. Introduction A ngiotensin (ANG II) was discovered about 50 yr ago (1, 2), and a complete
peripheral system for the formation and metabolism of ANG II was soon characterized. It was …

The ovariectomized (OVX) Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rat fed a low-salt diet is a model of
postmenopausal hypertension. In addition to estrogen loss, aging can also contribute to …

Obesity is a global epidemic that greatly increases risk for develo** cardiovascular
disease and type II diabetes. Sex differences in the obese phenotype are well established in …

In pursuit of the hypothesis that estrogen shifts the vasoconstrictor-vasodilator balance of the
renin-angiotensin system, we investigated the cardiovascular responses to administration of …

AT2 receptors may act in opposition to and in balance with AT1 receptors, their stimulation
having beneficial effects. We found renal AT2receptor expression in female mice higher than …

Beyond blood pressure control, angiotensin receptor blockers reduce common injury
mechanisms, decreasing excessive inflammation and protecting endothelial and …

Although the mechanisms are not understood, evidence suggests that 17β-estradiol (E2)
confers protection from cardiovascular and renal complications in many diseases. We have …