Many bacteria can infect and persist inside their hosts for long periods of time. This can be
due to immunosuppression of the host, immune evasion by the pathogen and/or ineffective …

For many years, DNA gyrase was thought to be responsible both for unlinking replicated
daughter chromosomes and for controlling negative superhelical tension in bacterial DNA …

Meiotic recombination in S. cerevisiae is initiated by double-strand breaks (DSBs). In certain
mutants, breaks accumulate with a covalently attached protein, suggesting that cleavage is …

Bacterial persister cells constitute a subpopulation of genetically identical, metabolically
slow-growing cells that are highly tolerant of antibiotics and other environmental stresses …

Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements composed of a toxic protein
and its cognate antitoxin protein, the latter counteracting the toxicity of the former. While TA …

Although toxin–antitoxin gene cassettes were first found in plasmids, recent database
mining has shown that these loci are abundant in free-living prokaryotes, including many …

The quinolone anti-infective agents are of wholly synthetic origin and are not modeled
knowingly after any natural antibiotic. Several ring systems are or have been involved …

DNA gyrase is a type II topoisomerase that can introduce negative supercoils into DNA at
the expense of ATP hydrolysis. It is essential in all bacteria but absent from higher …

Escherichia coli contains operons called" addiction modules," encoding toxin and antitoxin,
which are responsible for growth arrest and cell death. Here, we demonstrate that MazF …

Modulation of bacterial chromosomal supercoiling is a function of DNA gyrase‐catalyzed
strand breakage and rejoining. This reaction is exploited by both antibiotic and proteic …