Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global
warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)—discrete periods of anomalously warm …

Abstract Changes in ocean heat content (OHC) provide a measure of ocean warming, with
impacts on the Earth system. This Review synthesizes estimates of past and future OHC …

BACKGROUND Anthropogenic climate change is altering the structure and functioning of
ecosystems globally. The upper layers of the oceans have absorbed> 90% of the excess …

Ocean temperature variability is a fundamental component of the Earth's climate system, and
extremes in this variability affect the health of marine ecosystems around the world. The …

The global ocean has warmed substantially over the past century, with far-reaching
implications for marine ecosystems. Concurrent with long-term persistent warming, discrete …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs)—periods of extremely high ocean temperatures in specific
regions—have occurred in all of Earth's ocean basins over the past two decades, with …

Prolonged high-temperature extreme events in the ocean, marine heatwaves, can have
severe and long-lasting impacts on marine ecosystems, fisheries and associated services …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are periods of extreme warm sea surface temperature that
persist for days to months 1 and can extend up to thousands of kilometres 2. Some of the …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) can cause devastating impacts to marine life. Despite the
serious consequences of MHWs, our understanding of their drivers is largely based on …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged extreme oceanic warm water events. They can
have devastating impacts on marine ecosystems—for example, causing mass coral …