Reduction–oxidation (redox) reactions occur during burial because sediments contain
reactive mixtures of oxidised and reduced components. Diagenetic chemical reactions …

This article reviews key data and debates focused on relative sea-level changes since the
Last Interglacial (approximately the last 132,000 years) in the Mediterranean Basin, and …

The Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is a vast climate system, whose variability is critical to
the livelihoods of billions of people across the Asian continent. During the past half-century …

Mediterranean climates are characterized by strong seasonal contrasts between dry
summers and wet winters. Changes in winter rainfall are critical for regional socioeconomic …

Abstract Around 200,000 yr ago, Homo sapiens emerged in Africa. By 40 ka, Homo sapiens
had spread throughout Eurasia, and a major competing species, the Neanderthals, became …

Abstract The Tethys Ocean was compartmentalized into the Mediterranean Sea and Indian
Ocean during the early Miocene, yet the exact nature and timing of this disconnection are …

Marine gateways play a critical role in the exchange of water, heat, salt and nutrients
between oceans and seas. As a result, changes in gateway geometry can significantly alter …

There is growing concern on the survival of Mediterranean forests under the projected near-
future droughts as a result of anthropogenic climate change. Here we determine the …

Salt giants are massive salt deposits (hundreds of metres thick) that form during the
evaporation of semi-enclosed seas. The drivers of salt giant formation and their feedbacks …

The Mediterranean basin is sensitive to global sea-level changes and African monsoon
variability on orbital timescales. Both of these processes are thought to be important to the …