Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide has resulted in scientific projections of changes in global
temperatures, climate in general, and surface seawater chemistry. Although the …

Climate change is a threat to marine biota because increased atmospheric CO2 is causing
ocean warming, acidification, hypercapnia and decreased carbonate saturation. These …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

Global warming and increased atmospheric CO2 are causing the oceans to warm, decrease
in pH and become hypercapnic. These stressors have deleterious impacts on marine …

Anthropogenic CO2 emitted to the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans, causing a
progressive increase in ocean inorganic carbon concentrations and resulting in decreased …

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) conditions are driving unprecedented changes in
seawater chemistry, resulting in reduced pH and carbonate ion concentrations in the Earth's …

The impact of ocean acidification (OA) on coral calcification, a subject of intense current
interest, is poorly understood in part because of the presence of symbionts in adult corals …

Predicting consequences of ocean deoxygenation and ocean acidification for nearshore
marine ecosystems requires baseline dissolved oxygen (DO) and carbonate chemistry data …

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are acidifying the world's oceans. A growing body of
evidence is showing that ocean acidification impacts growth and developmental rates of …

Background As the oceans simultaneously warm, acidify and increase in P CO2, prospects
for marine biota are of concern. Calcifying species may find it difficult to produce their …