Heat waves (HWs) can cause large socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The
observed increases in their frequency, intensity and duration are projected to continue with …

Heatwaves constitute a major threat to human health and ecosystems. Projected increases
in heatwave frequency and severity thus lead to the need for prediction to enhance …

Most state-of-the-art approaches for weather and climate modeling are based on physics-
informed numerical models of the atmosphere. These approaches aim to model the non …

This work documents version two of the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth
System Model (E3SM). E3SMv2 is a significant evolution from its predecessor E3SMv1 …

Skillful subseasonal forecasts are crucial for various sectors of society but pose a grand
scientific challenge. Recently, machine learning-based weather forecasting models …

Abstract Initialized Earth System predictions are made by starting a numerical prediction
model in a state as consistent as possible to observations and running it forward in time for …

Flash droughts are a recently recognized type of extreme event distinguished by sudden
onset and rapid intensification of drought conditions with severe impacts. They unfold on …

The subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictive time scale, encompassing lead times ranging
from 2 weeks to a season, is at the frontier of forecasting science. Forecasts on this time …

Since its discovery in the early 1970s, the crucial role of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
(MJO) in the global hydrological cycle and its tremendous influence on high‐impact climate …

Spatiotemporal forecasting (STF) extends traditional time series forecasting or spatial
interpolation problem to space and time dimensions. Here, we review the statistical, physical …