This mini-review summarizes the current evidence for the role of macrophage activation and
polarization in inflammation and immune response pertinent to interstitial lung disease …

Respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
are critical areas of medical research, as millions of people are affected worldwide. In fact …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Innovative, more stringent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and effective treatment …

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, as the causative agent of COVID-19, is an enveloped positives-sense
single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Beta-CoVs sub-family. A sophisticated hyper …

The treatment and management of COPD by inhalation to the lungs has emerged as an
attractive alternative route to oral dosing due to higher concentrations of the drug being …

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded RNA sequences that regulate
gene expression on a post-transcriptional level. In the last few decades, various trials have …

Although reperfusion therapy has improved outcomes, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is
still associated with both significant mortality and morbidity. Once irreversible myocardial cell …

Inflammation is a multifaceted biological and pathophysiological response to injuries,
infections, toxins, and inflammatory mechanisms that plays a central role in the progression …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is pulmonary emphysema characterized by
blockage in the airflow resulting in the long‐term breathing problem, hence a major cause of …

RNA interference (RNAi) based therapeutics are considered an endogenous mechanism for
modulating gene expression. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs) may be tractable targets for …