In the stems of terrestrial vascular plants studied to date, the diameter of xylem water‐
conducting conduits D widens predictably with distance from the stem tip L approximating …

Tree hydraulic architecture exhibits patterns that propagate from tissue to tree scales. A
challenge is to make sense of these patterns in terms of trade‐offs and adaptations. The …

Understanding how plants survive drought and cold is increasingly important as plants
worldwide experience dieback with drought in moist places and grow taller with warming in …

Summary 1 Understanding the factors influencing tree growth is central to forest ecology
because of the significance of growth to forest structure and biomass. One of the simplest …

Angiosperm hydraulic performance is crucially affected by the diameters of vessels, the
water conducting conduits in the wood. Hydraulic optimality models suggest that vessels …

The global carbon and water cycles are governed by the coupling of CO2 and water vapour
exchanges through the leaves of terrestrial plants, controlled by plant adaptations to balance …

Biomass and area ratios between leaves, stems and roots regulate many physiological and
ecological processes. The Huber value Hv (sapwood area/leaf area ratio) is central to plant …

The causes underlying bark diversity are unclear. Variation has been frequently attributed to
environmental differences across sites. However, variation may also result from tradeoffs …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review shows that a more or less constant rate of tip-to-
base vessel widening across species, together with the assumption that wider vessels are …

Solar interfacial evaporation has been receiving increasing attention but it is still a huge
challenge to achieve excellent coordination between efficient water transport and salt …