A record of the geomagnetic field on the ground sometimes shows smooth daily variations
on the order of a few tens of nano teslas. These daily variations, commonly known as Sq, are …

Abstract The Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, is a new NASA Explorer mission
that will explore the boundary between Earth and space to understand the physical …

The interplanetary shock/electric field event of 5–6 November 2001 is analyzed using ACE
interplanetary data. The consequential ionospheric effects are studied using GPS receiver …

The mass density of Earth's thermosphere (∼ 90–600 km altitude) is a critical parameter for
low Earth orbit prediction because of the atmospheric drag on satellites in this region. In this …

After days of intense solar activity, active region AR3664 launched seven CMEs toward
Earth producing an extreme G5 geomagnetic storm commencing at 17: 05 UT on 10 May …

We present space‐and ground‐based multi‐instrument observations demonstrating the
impact of the 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption on dayside equatorial electrodynamics. A strong …

The F2-region reaction to geomagnetic storms usually called as an ionospheric storm is a
rather complicated event. It consists of so called positive and negative phases, which have …

The geomagnetic storm that occurred on 25 August 25 2018, that is, during the minimum of
solar cycle 24, is currently the strongest ever probed by the first China Seismo …

We analyze vertical total electron content (vTEC) variations from the Global Navigation
Satellite System (GNSS) at different latitudes in different continents of the world during the …

The direct penetration of the high‐latitude electric field to lower latitudes, and the
disturbance dynamo, both play a significant role in restructuring the storm‐time equatorial …